LOFTER-网易轻博

01

WD615豪瀚驾驶室发动机实现的功能

Achievable functions of WD615 engine

■ 实现的功能：

水温、进气压力、转速、电瓶电压的数值是否正常，

是否有故障，会出现的故障及原因分析。

test whether the oil pressure, water temperature,

voltage are normal, and whether the engine is

the engine has fault or not, possible fault and

02

技术要求

Technical requirements

■ 主要技术参数：

Length *width *height of test bench：

② 机油压力表数值：0-1.0Mpa

③ 水温表数值：0-120°C

④ 进气压力表数值：0-0.1Mpa

⑤ 转速表数值：0-3000rpm

⑥ 电瓶电压数值：0-32V

03

发动机试制前操作流程

Engine before trial-manufacture operation process

■ 用龙门吊架将发动机吊起，把前后支撑板用螺栓

Lift the engine with a gantry hanger and connect

试验台的悬置支撑架；

the engine to the test bench suspended

By adjusting the screw height of the

To align the center of the engine fan to the center

Engine fan to the test bench front-end

外六角螺栓  配平垫连接；

hexagon bolts with flat gasket connection;

■ 后支撑连接螺栓：2只M14*1.5*30

Front support connecting bolt: 2 M14*1.5*30

hexagon bolts with flat gasket and spring washer.

■ 水箱的进出接口和中冷器进出接口通过硅胶管

The inlet and outlet interface of the water tank

are connected to the engine respectively through

确保发动机点火后能够正常运转，无泄漏现象；

connection is checked to ensure that the engine

Connecting warm air joint:

一根接水箱小循环接头，另一根接暖风接头处；

主要用于加注防冻液，用卡箍固定牢靠；

flexible conduits,

of the water tank,

a high pressure pipe φ22mm is connected

which is mainly used for filling the antifreeze;

确保发动机点火后能够正常运转，无泄漏现象；

the pipeline connection is checked to ensure

after ignition without leakage.

■ 连接发动机空滤到试验台的空滤总成；

assembly of the test bench.

■ 涡轮增压口排气端到试验台的排气管，

Connect the exhaust end of the turbocharged

and fix firmly with a clamp.

■ 连接手拉油门支架和熄火缸；

and flameout cylinder.

■ 连接柴油管线，进、回油管；

■ 连接电瓶线到电瓶开关和起动机；

and starter.

■ 连接检测用的传感器等其它管线线束，

Connect other pipeline harness,

and hold it firmly in position.

水温传感器及线束

机油压力线束及接头

检查管线的连接，确保连接牢靠、无误。

control panel to the bracket and flameout cylinder;

that the connection is reliable and correct.

Turn on the ignition key switch,

By controlling the hand-held throttle,

of the engine can be realized.

■ 分别读取控制台上的仪表数值，

可读取的数值机油压力、水温、进气压力、

Read the meter value on the control panel,

on the vehicle: Test engine operation, readable

pressure, engine rotational speed and battery

Rotational speed 600rpm:

Rotational speed 1,000rpm:

进气压力0.01mpa。

oil pressure 0.6mpa,

进气压力0.02mpa。

oil pressure 0.65mpa,

After the engine has been running for 30 minutes,

将发动机吊装下来，发动机测试完毕。

turn off the ignition key,

lift the engine down,

05

原理故障表

Principle fault list

A. 在点火后通过控制台上的仪表数值的大小，

Determine whether the tested engine is running

value on the control panel after ignition.

B. 故障分析：

Reason of rough idling

Intake system

第一个原因是进气系统，进气管以及各种阀门的泄漏。

会造成混合器过浓、过稀，使发动机燃烧不正常。

The first reason is the leakage of the intake system,

Air enters from the intake pipe and exhaust gas

to be too dense and too thin, causing the engine

the throttle and air inlet. Misalignment of

Fuel system

若大泵有滴漏或堵塞现象，使其无法过油，

导致发动机怠速不稳。燃油压力故障。油压过低，

实际喷油量增加，使混合气过浓。喷油量失准。

blocking phenomenon, it cannot filter the oil,

which makes individual cylinders work poorly and

Fuel pressure fault. When the oil pressure is too

decrease of fuel-injection quantity; When the oil

quantity increases, which causes too thick mixture.

③ 机械机构。

下降过多，从而使功率不平衡。

造成气门密封不严。

它有故障也会使压缩压力不一致。

the failure of valve actuating mechanism

decrease too much and the power is unbalanced.

have too much carbon deposit, causing valve seal

piston-connecting rod mechanism,

pressure to be inconsistent with faults.

Exhaust system blocking

与三元催化器内因部因结胶、积炭、破碎等原因

使进气管真空度过低，造成发动机排气不彻底、

进气不顺畅可能造成电脑记忆空气流量计故障代码。

恶劣条件下工作，加速了氧传感器的损坏，

When the three-way catalyst causes local or

deposition and fragmentation, it will increase

pipe vacuum too low, and cause the engine exhaust

sufficient. As a result, the working performance of

Air intake problems may also cause computer

ruled out for a long time, it will make the oxygen

accelerate the damage of the oxygen sensor, and

Reason of high-water temperature

① 水箱缺水。

冷却液消耗的比较慢，但是也有消耗，

水箱长时间缺水，导致水温高。

the coolant consumption in the water tank is slow,

check the coolant, the water tank is short of water

Thermostat fault

有些车主开车没走几公里就发现水温升高，

像这种故障可能是节温器打不开，

Some car owners find that the water temperature

no leak in the water pipe. This kind of fault may

cooling system cannot carry on a general

Water pipe leakage

开车过程中发现汽车有漏水的地方，

这种情况相对来说容易发现，

In the course of driving, if finding out where

pipe aging and breakage. It is easy to find it,

pipe at the maintenance shop.

④ 水箱散热不良。

长时间使用水做媒体会导致发动机及水箱内产生水锈，

想要解决这种办法是把水锈先排除，

Some car owners directly use water as coolant.

to water rust in the engine and water tank, the

high water temperature. Solving this problem is

the water tank.

⑤ 水泵故障。

大多数是叶片式的，长时间泵水后叶片会打磨掉，

The water pump is the core part of cooling system

car are blade-type. After working for a long time,

the water system does not circulate and the water

Cylinder mattress is deformed

有些车主反应汽车水温高，但在实际用车过程中

消耗的比较快，这种情况是发动机缸床垫变形或

所以会出现汽车行驶一段时间后水箱缺水，水温高。

temperature of the car, but actually there was

a small amount of cooling water enters into the

engine cylinder mattress. In this situation, the

so there will be a water shortage in the water

and the water temperature is high.

⑦ 电子扇故障。

如果电子扇不工作热量散不掉，汽车水温肯定会升高。

the rotation of the electronic fan. If the electric fan

definitely rise.

⑧ 传感器故障。

如果水温传感器有故障，没有信号启动散热风扇，

The water temperature sensor on the car controls

If the water temperature sensor is faulty and there

temperature will be rose.

⑨ 线束故障。

如果线路有故障也会间接导致水温高。

of the whole car. If the line is faulty,

Reason for low voltage：

① 第一种导致汽车电瓶电压过低情况的发生的原因

温度、物质不纯的原因，电瓶往往会发生自放电，

如果汽车长期的闲置不用，就容易导致电瓶放电过度，

The long-term idle car is the first reason to cause

internal structure, specific gravity, temperature

battery will often self-discharge, and will usually

If the car is not used for a long time, it will easily

to continue charging.

② 现如今，普通的汽车电瓶一般都采用的贫液式设计，

会逐渐形成白色硫酸铅化，在汽车电瓶内部极板严重

是无法恢复其容量的。

designed as lean liquid type. The moisture in the

lead sulfate will be gradually formed. After the

sulfated, recharging the battery cannot restore

将电能储存成化学能储存，在需要使用放电的时候，

也是有寿命限制的，一般的电瓶本身寿命基本也只是

就会出现电压过低的情况了。

chemical reaction, its main principle is to store

When the discharge is required, the chemical

Therefore, the battery has a service life limit due

battery is basically only 300 times of charging

almost the same, the voltage will be too low.

4. 机油压力高的原因：

Oil viscosity is too large

机油粘度的大小表明了机油流动时的内摩擦阻力大小。

机油粘度大；反之，发动机温度高时，机油粘度小。

如果机油粘度超过规定值，机油在润滑系统内流动

本身粘度大(因对机油牌号选用不当，即机油牌号

机油压力会高。

friction resistance when the oil flows. The oil

When the engine temperature is low, the viscosity

temperature is high, the oil viscosity is small. When

leakproof is good, and the leakage amount is small.

the flow resistance of the oil in the lubrication

will be increased. This shows that the engine

the oil pressure will be high. Because the oil grade

suitable for the ambient temperature. For example,

in winter.

② 压力润滑部位间隙过小或机油细滤器堵塞润滑油路。

or the oil fine filter block the lubricating oil to flow.

润滑系机油循环回路的流动阻力等于并联支路机油

连杆轴颈、曲轴轴颈、摇臂轴等，这些润滑部位

回路堵塞，以及限压阀调整压力过高等，

It shows that the flow resistance of the lubricating

reciprocal of the parallel branch oil flow resistance.

the connecting rod journal, the crankshaft journal

part is too small and the filter element of the fine

the pressure of the pressure limiting valve is

lubricating oil circuit will be increased and the

The pressure of the pressure limiting

和球阀来限制机油压力的，并使之机油压力不超过

便克服弹簧的弹力将阀门推开向系统内泄压，

从而将压力限制在规定的范围内。润滑系的机油压力

会使系统内的机油压力过高。

of the pressure limiting valve, the pressure limiting

to limit the oil pressure, and the oil pressure does

documents. When the oil pressure exceeds the

spring by the spring force of spring to relieve

lower than the spring force, the valve is closed with

the specified range. From this point of view,

on the spring force of the spring. If the adjusted

system will be too large.

④ 机油滤清器堵塞。

上的安全阀就被顶开，机油便不经过滤而直接

当滤清器被堵塞时就不能及时顶开，机油泵压力升高，

引起油压的下降。应经常保持机油滤清器的清洁；

及时更换安全阀的弹簧或研磨钢珠与阀座的配合面，

When the oil filter is clogged and the oil cannot be

is opened and the oil will directly flow into the main

pressure of the safety valve is too large, it cannot

Therefore,if the pressure of the oil pump is

and the oil supply to the main oil passage is

pressure. It should be always kept the oil filter

safety valve correctly (it is generally 0.35-0.45Mpa);

surface of the grinding steel ball with the valve seat

Reasons for low intake pressure

① 空气需求量大于供给量。

有漏气现象，减少用气量。

or not, if there is air leakage on the system or not,

Oil and gas separator is blocked

由于油路系统中或多或少存在某些杂质，

通过滤芯的阻力增加，影响机组的正常工作。

Due to more or less impurities in the oil system,

for a period of time, which will increase the

element and affect the normal operation.

element in time according tothe signal displayed

Air filter is clogged

空气滤清器的作用是将吸入的空气加以过滤，

如果空气过滤器滤芯堵塞严重将影响到

The air filter is to filter the inhaled air to ensure

clean. If the air filter element is clogged, it will

Therefore, it is necessary to replace its filter

Pressure regulator is malfunctioned or damaged

压力调节系统的功能是根据客户用气量的大小，

所以要对损坏的压力调节器及时更换，

The pressure regulation system is to automatically

gas used by the customer in order to achieve a

it is necessary to replace the damaged pressure

pressure regulator in time.

⑤ 进气阀不能完全打开。

进气阀处于全开状态。当用户所需用气量减小时，

使进气阀开度减小，从而减少压缩机的进气量，

The intake valve is to control the amount of intake

the intake valve is fully open. When the amount of

air volume adjusting will input compressed air to

the intake valve, which will reduce the intake air

failure will affect the load on the unit.

⑥ 控制管路漏气。

全部打开以至于机组负荷无法带满。

will prevent the intake valve from opening

fully loaded.