LOFTER-网易轻博

In the summer of 1942, Japan's plan to establish a defensive perimeter around its homeland remained unfulfilled. The heavy losses suffered at the Battle of Midway thwarted Japan's plans to seize Papua New Guinea and the central Pacific islands. Japanese policymakers have a new plan to fight by land if sea roads don't work. On July 21, 1942, a Japanese Army division with jungle combat experience landed on Papua New Guinea's north coast. Immediately after landing, they moved westward to capture Port Moresby, the capital of Papua New Guinea.

After several battles, the Japanese encountered for the first time a force equal in experience and morale: the Australian army held its position tightly, and the Japanese movement temporarily stalled. However, due to harsh jungle conditions and malaria, the Australian army eventually retreated. After about two months of fighting, the Japanese were less than fifty kilometres from Port Moresby.

American reinforcements finally arrived. The Japanese army frantically resisted, and did not surrender even though they died in battle. It took another two months for the Japanese to be defeated by the combined forces of the United States and Australia, and it was a bitter battle. Of the 15,000 Japanese soldiers, only 3,000 remained. The Japanese army was in trouble. They were lost at sea, and now they have also lost ground, and the United States has shown great military might. The only thing Japan can use is air power.

In the summer of 1942, Japanese engineering units began building airfields throughout the Pacific. One of the airports is located in Solomon Islands on Guadalcanal Island. An epic battle will be fought here. This is the Battle of Guadalcanal.

               At that time, the U.S. Army built an airfield on Gua Island.

On August 7, 1942, Allied forces (primarily the United States) landed on Guadalcanal, Tulagi, and Florida Keys in the Solomon Islands. Landings on the islands were intended to prevent the Japanese from using them as a base to threaten supply routes between the United States and Australia , and to ensure that the islands served as a starting point for military objectives that eventually isolated Rabaul, the main Japanese base, while also supporting the Allied campaign for New Guinea. Landings began the six-month Guadalcanal campaign. An American landing force attacked Guadalcanal, which landed without resistance. According to the plan, the landing force would first occupy the half-built airfield and then turn it into a U.S. military base. But the Japanese did not want to give up, and that night a Japanese naval reinforcement attacked the convoy that was supplying the U.S. Marine Corps. The Japanese cruiser sank four American ships and drove the remaining four to sea. Without adequate supplies and ammunition, the U.S. Marine Corps was left alone. They built fortifications around the airport, and despite continuous bombing by the Japanese, these American soldiers, using the construction machinery left by Japan, rushed to complete the construction of the airport. Two weeks later, the U.S. aircraft team arrived on Guadalcanal, and they came at the right time. The next day, the Japanese carried out a suicide attack at the airport. Over the next few months, wave after wave of crazy Japanese troops went into battle. By the winter of 1942, the war was at an impasse, and both the United States and Japan were digging defenses. In December 1942, the United States sent new troops to Guadalcanal and withdrew the exhausted Marines, and American soldiers began a new offensive against the isolated Japanese. In early February 1943, U.S. forces finally took control of Guadalcanal. At this point, the American army defeated the Japanese army at sea and on land, and even organized them to use air channels, and the Japanese army's eastern blitzkrieg ended in failure. However, the epic Battle of Solomon is still not over, and the United States and Japan will still fight for Guadalcanal many times.

中文参考：

    1942 年夏，日本在本土周围建立防御圈的计划仍未实现。中途岛战役的惨重损失挫败了日本夺取巴布亚新几内亚和太平洋中部岛屿的计划。日本决策者有了一个新计划，如果海上道路行不通，就从陆地作战。1942 年 7 月 21 日，一个具有丛林作战经验的日军师团在巴布亚新几内亚北海岸登陆。登陆后，他们立即向西进发，攻占巴布亚新几内亚首都莫尔兹比港。

    经过几次战斗，日军第一次遇到了一支在经验和士气上旗鼓相当的部队：澳大利亚军队紧紧守住了阵地，日军的行动暂时陷入了停滞。然而，由于恶劣的丛林条件和疟疾，澳大利亚军队最终撤退了。经过大约两个月的战斗，日军距离莫尔斯比港不足五十公里。

    美军援军终于赶到。日军疯狂抵抗，即使战死也不投降。又过了两个月，日军才被美澳联军击败，这是一场惨烈的战斗。在 15000 名日本士兵中，只剩下 3000 人。日军陷入困境。他们在海上失利，现在也失去了地面，美国已经显示出强大的军事实力。日本唯一能利用的就是空中力量。

    1942 年夏天，日本工兵部队开始在整个太平洋地区修建机场。其中一个机场位于所罗门群岛的瓜达尔卡纳尔岛。一场史诗般的战役将在这里打响。这就是瓜达尔卡纳尔岛战役。

    1942 年 8 月 7 日，盟军（主要是美国）在所罗门群岛的瓜达尔卡纳尔岛、图拉吉岛和佛罗里达礁岛登陆。在这些岛屿登陆的目的是防止日军利用这些岛屿作为基地威胁美国和澳大利亚之间的补给线，并确保这些岛屿作为军事目标的起点，最终孤立日军的主要基地拉包尔，同时也支持盟军的新几内亚战役。为期六个月的瓜达尔卡纳尔岛战役开始登陆。一支美军登陆部队进攻瓜达尔卡纳尔岛，登陆时没有遇到抵抗。按照计划，登陆部队将首先占领建了一半的机场，然后将其变成美军基地。但日本人并不想放弃，当晚，一支日本海军增援部队袭击了为美国海军陆战队提供补给的护航船队。日本巡洋舰击沉了四艘美军舰艇，并将其余四艘驱赶到海上。由于没有足够的补给和弹药，美国海军陆战队只得孤军奋战。他们在机场周围修筑工事，尽管日军不断轰炸，但这些美国士兵利用日本留下的建筑机械，匆忙完成了机场建设。两周后，美国飞机队抵达瓜达尔卡纳尔岛，他们来得正是时候。第二天，日本人在机场发动了自杀式袭击。在接下来的几个月里，一波又一波疯狂的日军投入战斗。到 1942 年冬天，战争陷入僵局，美国和日本都在挖掘防御工事。1942 年 12 月，美国向瓜达尔卡纳尔岛派遣了新的部队，撤出了疲惫不堪的海军陆战队，美国士兵开始对孤立无援的日军发动新的攻势。1943 年 2 月初，美军终于控制了瓜达尔卡纳尔岛。至此，美军在海上和陆地上击败了日军，甚至组织他们使用空中通道，日军的东部闪电战以失败告终。然而，史诗般的所罗门战役仍未结束，美日两国仍将多次争夺瓜达尔卡纳尔岛。