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听读《刀锋》

仅以此记录一些《刀锋》中触动我的地方。(英文原文及翻译摘自上海世界图书出版公司出版的中英文对照全译本。译者为盛世教育西方名著翻译委员会。)


刀锋12章(这里主要是觉得这种写作手法很特别,以及很有味道)

Nothing had changed.

They might have been the same students who walked along the gravel paths in pairs, eagerly discussing the writers who excited them.

They might have been the same children who trundled the same hoops under the watchful eyes of the same nurses.

They might have been the same old men who basked in the sunshine, reading the morning paper.

They might have been the same middle-aged women in mourning who sat on the free benches and gossiped with one another about the price of food and the misdeeds of servants.

Then I went to the Odeon and looked at the new books in the galleries and I saw the lads who like myself thirty years before were trying under the petulant eyes of the smock-frocked attendants to read as much as they could of books they could not afford to buy.

一切都没有变。

那些走在沙砾小路上,热烈地讨论着他们喜欢的作家的,很可能还是过去的学生。

那些在保姆的注视下滚铁环的孩子,很可能就是过去的保姆和儿童。

那些在阳光下读着早报的老人,很可能还是过去的老人。

那些穿着孝服,在公共长椅上,闲话着食物的价格和佣人的毛病的,很可能就是过去那些中年妇女。

后来我去了奥台翁剧院,看到了走廊里陈列的新书,还看到了那些年轻人,和30年前的我一样,在穿着长罩衫的服务员不耐烦的的目光下,尽可能地多读一点儿他们买不起的书。


刀锋14章

14章讲述伊莎贝尔来到拉里在巴黎所住的地方时与拉里展开的一场关于精神和现实的对话,这一章算是《刀锋》这本书最早的思想展露。由于篇幅原因,就不全部截取,这里放上拉里对自己所追寻的东西的最开始的一段描述。

伊莎贝尔:“What do you expect to find in them?”

拉里:“The answers to my questions.”He gave her a glance that was almost playful, so that except that she knew him so well, she might have thought he was speaking in jest“I want to make up my mind whether God is or God is not. I want to find out why evil exists. I want to know whether I have an immortal soul or whether when I die it's the end.”

“你想在那里找到什么呢?”

“我的那些问题的答案。”他几乎是有些顽皮地瞥了她一眼。如果不是十分了解他,她也许会以为他在开玩笑。“我想弄明白上帝到底存不存在。我想弄明白世界上为什么会有恶。我想知道自己的灵魂是否不会消亡,还是我死了一切就结束了。”


除了这段对自己追寻的东西的对话,14章中还阐述了拉里对金钱、对什么是有意义的生活等等的理解,以及一个普通女性(伊莎贝尔)对现实的认识和解读。

这里再摘取一段拉里对自己所提议的生活的描述。

“I wish I could make you see how much fuller the life I offer you is than anything you have a conception of. I wish I could make you see how exciting the life of the spirit is and how rich in experience. It's illimitable. It's such a happy life. There's only one thing like it, when you're up in a plane by yourself, high, high, and only infinity surrounds you. You're intoxicated by the boundless space. You feel such a sense of exhilaration that you wouldn't exchange it for all the power and glory in the world. I was reading Descartes the other day. The ease, the grace, the lucidity. Gosh!”

”我真希望能让你明白,我提议的生活比你想象的任何生活都要充实。我真希望能让你明白精神生活让人多么兴奋,那体验是多么丰富。它是没有界限的。它是非常幸福的。只有一件事能与它相比,就是你独自坐着飞机上天,越飞越高,越飞越高,只有无垠的空间包围着你,你沉醉在这无边的空间里,感到无比兴奋,就是用世界上所有的权力和荣耀和你换你也不肯。前几天我读到笛卡尔,是那么轻松、文雅、流畅。天哪!“


之前读过毛姆的《月亮和六便士》之后一直印象深刻,没有记录下当时的感触有点遗憾,后面看到毛姆的书便总想读一读,这两本书有一定的相似之处,但又有不同,借用网上看到的一位网友的书评便是:“两本书都是在讨论人应该怎样活着,在社会中应该是怎样的地位。但《刀锋》比《月亮和六便士》更现实,其主人公拉里比思特里克兰德更有七情六欲,更像个凡夫俗子。”


目前读到第14章,后续有新的感悟再更新。


补上后续(7月21日,终于半听半读,读完了这部小说。)

第35章:此处是拉里要跟索菲结婚,伊莎贝尔请作者去劝说拉里时发生的一段对话。

伊莎贝尔:“You make me tired. D'you think I sacrificed myself to let Larry fall into the hands of a raging nymphomaniac?”

毛姆:"How did you sacrifice yourself?"

伊莎贝尔:“I gave up Larry up for the one and only reason that I didn't want to stand in his way.”

毛姆:“Come off it, Isabel. You gave him up for a square-cut diamond and a sable coat.”

“你让我觉得很厌烦,你认为我牺牲了自己,就是为了让拉里落入发疯的荡妇手里吗?”

“你怎么牺牲了自己?”

“我放弃拉里的一个也是唯一的原因,是我不想挡他的路。”

“算了吧,伊莎贝尔。你放弃他是为了一个方形钻石和一件貂皮大衣。”


这一章还有一处关于引用《新约》来描述拉里的内心的描述,由于过长,就不摘录了,但依然十分经典。


第43章-48章,讲述了作者最后一次见到拉里以及同拉里之间的一段对话,拉里从他长达十几年的人生游历中找到了他认为的未来的方向,也许也找到了他心中问题的答案,在那个克利希街上的布拉西里·格拉夫饭店的那一夜。

由于这一段对话非常的长,我就不做全文摘录了,但我觉得这段话算得上本书的精华部分。

它讲述了拉里去波恩遇到恩夏姆神父,并跟随恩夏姆神父去修道院呆了3个月时间,这3个月,拉里探索了信仰与上帝,发现仍然不能解决自己心中的问题,他无法让自己接受原罪的想法,他无法信仰那样的创造了善也创造了恶的上帝。

【这里插入拉里跟恩夏姆神父讲的自己从第一次世界大战中被人救之后活下来后开始对人生产生困惑的一段对话:

拉里:"I'd had a lot of time to think. I kept on asking myself what life was for. After all it was only by luck that I was alive; I wanted to make something of my life, but I didn't know what. I'd never thought much about God. I began to think about Him now. I couldn't understand why there was evil in the world. I knew I was very ignorant; I didn't know anyone I could turn to and I wanted to learn, so I began to read at haphazard."

恩夏姆神父:"Then you've been reading for four years? Where have you got?"

拉里:"Nowhere,"

“我有很多时间在思考。我不停问自己,活着是为了什么。毕竟我能够活下来只是侥幸;我想要活出点名堂,但又不知道该做什么。我从来没有对上帝想得太多。如今想起他来了。我不明白这世上为什么有邪恶。我知道自己很无知;我不知道该求助什么人,我想要学,于是我开始无计划地读书。”

“那么你已经读了4年书吗?你得到了什么呢?”

“一无所获。”】

接下来,他去了印度,在那里遇到了一位婆罗门教的大师,这位大师促使他留在了印度,而后他又在朋友的推荐下去找了一位瑜伽行者西里·甘乃夏,在那里完成了拉里人生的蜕变(我这样形容仅仅是因为我觉得拉里在这里找到了一直困扰自己的内心的问题的答案,找到了内心的安宁)。在印度,他了解了印度人的信仰,了解了婆罗门教,了解了灵魂轮回(关于轮回的这一段非常精彩。)……

这里先摘录2段关于灵魂轮回的描述:

毛姆:“Am I right in thinking that it means that the soul passes from body to body in an endless course of experience occasioned bu the merit or demerit of previous works?”

拉里:"I think so."

毛姆:" But you see, I'm not only my spirit but my body, and who can decide how much I, my individual self, am conditioned by the accident of my body? Would Byron have been Byron but fo his club foot, or Dostoevsky Dostoevsky without his epilepsy?"

拉里:"The Indians wouldn't speak of an accident. They would answer that it's your actions in previous lives that have determined your soul to inhabit an imperfect body. "

“我是不是该认为轮回的意思是指灵魂通过一个身体转移到另一个身体,并且经由前世的功过经历无尽的过程?”

“我想是的。”

“但你懂的,我不仅是我的灵魂,也是我的身体。谁能决定我,独特的个体,到底由我的身体的状态偶然构成多少。若不是因为一只跛足,拜伦能成为拜伦吗?陀思妥耶夫斯基若不是因为有羊痫风会成为陀思妥耶夫斯基吗?”

“印度人不会说偶然。他们会说你前世的一举一动,决定了你的灵魂栖息在不完美的身体里。”


第2段:拉里在马都拉碰到他的朋友,认为他朝着自己的目标开始旅程了。(这一段描述我觉得是拉里最终找到内心的答案,决定放弃一切外在的东西,回归美国,落入平凡生活的第一次显现。)

毛姆:“And what was that?”

拉里:"Liberation from the bondage of rebirth. According to the Vedantists the self, which they call the atman and we call the soul, is distinct from the mind and its intelligence; it is not part of Absolute, for the Absolute, being infinite, can have no parts, but the Absolute itself. It is uncreated; it has existed from eternity and when at last it has cast off the seven veils of ignorance will return to the infinitude from which it came. It is like a drop of water that has arisen from the sea and in a shower has fallen into a puddle, then drigts into a brook, finds its way into a stream, after that into a river, passing through mountain gorges and wide plains, winding this way and that, obstructed by rocks and fallen trees, till at last it reaches the boundless sea from which it rose."

毛姆:"But that poor little drop of water, when it has onece more become one with the sea, has surely lost its individuality."

Larry grinned.

拉里:"You want to taste sugar, you don't want to become sugar. What is individuality but the expression of our egoism? Until the soul has shed the last trace of that it cannot become one with the Absolute."

毛姆:"You talk very familiarly of the Absolute, Larry, and it's an imposing word. What does it actually signify to you?"

拉里:"Reality. You can't say what it is; you can only say what it isn't. It's not a thing, it's not a cause. It has no qualities. It transcends permanence and change; whole and part, finite and infinite. It is eternal because its completeness and perfection are unrelated to time. It is truth and freedom."

“那是什么呢?”

“从轮回中解脱。根据吠陀经义,真我,亦即被他们称作阿特曼而被我们称作灵魂的,是与身体及感官不同, 与心灵及心智不同,它不是绝对的一部分,由于绝对是无限的,它只能是自身而不能有部分。它不能被创造;它永恒存在,而当它最终摆脱七重无知的面纱后,就会回到它本来的无限中去。它像一滴水,从海上升起和随着雨水落入了一个水池,然后流入小溪,汇入江河,穿过高山峡谷和广阔的平原,蜿蜒曲折,遇到岩石和倒下的数目阻塞,最终到达它由此升起的一望无际的大海。”

“但那可怜的小水滴,当它再次与大海成为一体时,一定失去了它的个性。”

拉里笑了。

你想品尝糖的滋味,你不想要变成糖。个性是什么?不过是我们的利己主义的表现。除非灵魂摆脱了利己主义的最后痕迹,它就不能和绝对成为一体。”

“你很熟悉地谈着绝对,拉里,这个词令人印象深刻。它实际上对你有什么意义?”

“现实。你不能说它是什么;你只能说它不是什么。它是不可言传的。印度人叫它婆罗门。它无所不在。万物都蕴含它,依靠它。它不是一个人,它不是一个物体,它不是一个原因。它没有特性。它超越永恒与变化;整体与局部,有限与无限。它是永恒的,因为它的完整和完美是与时间无关。它是真理和自由。”


第48章有一段关于西里·甘乃夏教导人们的话(这里是我感觉到的拉里寻找的答案以及决定他以后生活的一个重要原因,但这里他还只是停留在觉得很正确以及受到了精神和思想上的震撼的感觉,后面拉里过生日在林业管理站的山上呆的那一晚才是让我觉得拉里大彻大悟,最终寻找到了自我和心中答案的时间点。)

What he taught was very simple. He taught that we are all greater than we know and that wisdom is the means to freedom. He taught that it is not essential to salvation to retire from the world, but only to renounce the self. He taught that work done with no selfish interest purifies the mind and that duties are opportunities afforded to man to sink his separate self and become one with the universal self. But it wasn't his teaching that was so remarkable; it was the man himself, his benignity,his greatness of soul, his saintliness. His presence was a benediction. I was very happy with him. I felt that at last I had found what I wanted. The weeks, the months passed with unimaginable rapidity. I proposed to stay either till he died, and he told us that he did not intend very much longer to inhabit his perishable body, or till I received illumination, that state when you have at last burst the bonds of ignorance, and know with a certainty there is no disputing that you and the Absolute are one.

他所教的很简单。他教导我们,人都比他所了解的要更伟大,智慧是通往自由的手段。他教导我们,要得到救赎并不需要从世界隐退,只要放弃自我。他教导我们,不怀私利的工作净化心灵,责任是人要寻求独立自我,并成为普遍自我的机会。但是并不是他的教导多么了不起,而是他的为人,他的仁慈,他的伟大灵魂,他的神圣。他的存在是种恩赐。我很高兴同他在一起。我终于找到了我想要的。几个星期,几个月,时间过得不可思议的快。我意欲待到他死为止,因为他告诉我们,他不打算长久地待在易腐烂的躯体内,又或者就是等我有朝一日幡然醒悟,那就是从愚昧的镣铐下爆发,并坚信自己与绝对融为一体了。(这里也为拉里日后在林业管理站的山上的顿悟埋下了伏笔。)


接下来就描述一下拉里在林业管理站的山上度过的那神奇的一晚,他真的度过了一个特比的生日。那一天的日出时分,在天亮时的一片光辉中,他看到、感受到了大自然之美,整个人觉得无比的超脱和喜悦,感到一切混乱都变得清晰,一切使他困惑不解的都得到了解释。第二天醒来后,他依然觉得无比的轻松,且为自己做了饭(他感觉到了饥饿,而在此之前自己感觉不到饥饿),点上了烟斗(这里可以看出拉里回归了现实)。然后便下山于次日到达修道处所与西里·甘乃夏告别,告诉西里·甘乃夏他打算返回到自己的故乡。

可以明显的看出来,拉里终于找到了自己想要的答案,找到了以后生活的方式。他与作者交谈的当下告诉作者自己以后打算这样生活:冷静、宽容、同情、无私和禁欲。

当作者问到拉里这个漫长的追求是始于恶的问题,而恶的问题的答案拉里却一直没有过描述时,拉里告诉作者:可能就没有什么答案。当绝对在这世界上表现为善时,恶也自然而然连带着出现。我们在这世界上所珍视的一切美好的,有价值的事物,只能和丑恶的东西共同存在。

而后,作者与拉里就舍弃他的全部财产,以及在美国追寻拉里想要的这种生活的困难性做了一点争论,而拉里很坚持自己的想法。这里再摘录本书的最后一段话,关于拉里想要践行的这种生活在美国是否合适这个话题(这段争论就只引用中文部分吧,并没有什么华丽的辞藻和有争议的翻译)。

毛姆:”在你的印象里,你要想践行所提到的独特美德,美国是合适的地方吗?“

拉里:”我不明白为什么不合适。你们欧洲人对美国一无所知。因为我们积累了巨大的财富,你认为我们只在乎钱。我们一点也不在乎它;当我们有钱时就花掉,有时花得对,有时花得不对,但我们花掉了。金钱对我们来说不算什么,它只是成功得象征。我们是世界上最伟大的理想主义者;我有时候想,我们将理想确立在错误的目标上,我有时想一个人能够确定的最伟大的理想是自我完善。I happen to think that we've set our ideal in the wrong objects; I happen to think that the greatest ideal man can set before himself is self-perfection.“

毛姆:”这是一个崇高的理想,拉里。“

拉里:”难道不值得尝试去实现它吗?“

毛姆:“但是你能想象一下,你,一个人,能对美国这样不安分的,匆匆忙忙的,无法无天的,极具个人主义色彩的restless, busy, lawless, intensely individualistic民族有什么影响吗?”

拉里:”我可以尝试。有一个人发明了轮子。有一个人发现了万有引力定律。没有一件发生过的事是不产生效果的。如果你往池塘里扔一块石头,宇宙就和以前不一样了。认为印度的那些圣人过着无用的生活的想法是错误的。他们是黑暗中的一束亮光。他们代表一种理想,对他们的伙伴们是一种启示;普通大众永远不可能实现它,但是他们尊重它,它会让他们的生活变得更好。当一个人变得纯粹和完美,他性格的影响就会变得更广泛,寻求真理的人们就会自然而然地被他吸引。如果我可以过上我所规划的生活,就可能会影响其他人;也许这种影响的效果不比被扔进池塘里的石头造成的涟漪更大,但是一个波纹引来另一个,另一个波纹引来第三个,有可能一些人会看到我的生活方式带来的幸福和安宁,他们反过来将他们所学的教给别人。“

毛姆:”我不知道你是否知道自己反对的是什么,拉里。你知道,不学无术者早已废弃用来抑制他们害怕的观点的手段的拷问架和火刑柱;他们已经发现更致命的破坏武器——俏皮话。“

拉里:“我是一个相当坚强的人。”拉里笑着说。


到这里,我对本书的摘录就到这里。很感谢读了这本书。

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